The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.